Moholy-Nagy Művészeti Egyetem

Zenctuary VR+

Virtual Nature for Therapeutic Use
Project details
Project start date
1 April 2025
Project end date
31 March 2028
Project Lead
Dr. Ágnes Karolina Bakk
Project Manager
Enikő Petz-Jarmaczki
A multicentric international clinical research project funded by the HU-RIZONT research grant programme, developing and validating an evidence-based virtual reality nature intervention for therapeutic use in long-term hospital care, chronic care, and palliative settings.
Can immersive virtual reality deliver the restorative power of nature and strengthen motivation and agency for those who cannot access it directly?

About the project

Zenctuary VR+ is an international clinical research and innovation project that combines immersive technology development, co-design, and health science evaluation. The project explores how interactive, calming virtual environments inspired by nature can be safely integrated into long-term care routines — not as entertainment, but as a scientifically grounded, non-pharmacological intervention.


The central aim is to address learned helplessness and the loss of agency often experienced by patients in long-term hospital care, where daily routines can become passive, repetitive, and emotionally demanding. By offering a virtual space for exploration, Zenctuary VR+ investigates whether VR can contribute to renewed motivation, improved emotional regulation, and more engaged participation in everyday care contexts.


Zenctuary VR+ is a continuation and expansion of earlier Zenctuary prototype research that began in 2021, now developed further through an international consortium and clinical trial protocols.

Why learned helplessness?

Learned helplessness can emerge when individuals feel they have little control over their environment or outcomes. In long‑term hospital care—especially among older adults—this may appear as reduced motivation, low engagement, increased anxiety, emotional withdrawal, and a loss of autonomy, all of which affect quality of life and clinical routines.

Zenctuary VR+ explores whether immersive virtual nature can offer moments of agency, choice, and emotional restoration. The experience aims to support a sense of “I can do something,” even with limited mobility, providing gentle engagement that counteracts passivity and emotional strain.

Why nature?

A growing body of research shows that time spent in nature can reduce stress and anxiety, improve mood and attention, and provide measurable physiological benefits such as improved immune function and faster recovery. Nature exposure can also strengthen social connectedness and long-term quality of life.

Since 2021 and the current research around Zenctuary VR+ builds on these findings by exploring how such benefits can be made accessible to people who cannot easily reach restorative outdoor environments due to age, illness, or limited mobility.

Why virtual reality?

Virtual reality offers a strong sense of presence and immersion, enabling users to experience environments that are otherwise inaccessible. For people living in long-term hospital care, VR can offer a safe and repeatable way to engage with calming natural environments without the physical demands of travel or outdoor movement.

Zenctuary VR+ explores how immersive virtual nature can be implemented in clinical settings as a meaningful support tool which is designed for accessibility, comfort, and therapeutic relevance, and shaped by the realities of hospital care.

Our mission

Our mission is to explore the restorative power of simulated natural environment through immersive virtual reality experiences that are grounded in scientific evidence and co-designed with those with lived experience (elderly adults and health care workers, including psychologists) .

Zenctuary VR+ aims to make the psychological, cognitive, and physiological advantages of natural environments accessible to people who cannot easily reach them due to age, illness, or limited mobility. By merging cutting-edge VR development developed by our partners with current research in health sciences, we seek to enhance quality of life.

Our work is guided by rigorous evaluation, ethical responsibility, and a commitment to creating meaningful, inclusive interventions that bridge clinical care and the human need for contact with nature.

Why co-design?

Co-design is central to Zenctuary VR+ because meaningful innovation in healthcare emerges when those with lived experience and thos who will use an intervention actively shape it.
By involving patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals from the earliest stages, we ensure the VR experience reflects real clinical needs, daily care routines, cultural context, and accessibility constraints. This participatory process improves usability and acceptability and strengthens trust and long-term adoption by ensuring the intervention is not only technically advanced, but humane and clinically appropriate.

Key Objectives

  • Develop immersive, non-gamified VR environments inspired by natural landscapes
  • Support motivation, agency, and emotional well-being in long-term hospital care
  • Reduce anxiety and stress and support mood regulation
  • Tackle learned helplessness on scientific base by offering meaningful choice, interaction, and gentle engagement
  • Develop the experience through co-design with patients and healthcare professionals
  • Validate feasibility and clinical outcomes through a longitudinal, multicentric randomized clinical trial
  • Contribute with research outputs and implementation insights for clinical adoption of VR

Approach

    Methodology

    Research based, design-led methodology

    Zenctuary VR+ is developed at Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design, therefore it follows a research-based, design-led methodology integrating clinical expertise, participatory design, user experience design, and immersive technology development.

    Co-design

    Co-design with stakeholders

    Patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals participate directly in designing and shaping the VR application as well as the intervention to ensure safety, relevance, and usability.

    Inquiry

    Contextual inquiry

    We also aim to use ethnographic and anthropological research methods, in the form of contextual inquiry, to uncover hidden factors that make VR more challenging to use in clinical settings and health care.

    Research

    Interdisciplinary research

    The project bridges design, psychology, and elderly care to address emotional well-being and clinical context.

    Evidence-based

    Evidence-based foundation

    Development is informed by scientific literature and validated through feasability studies . Each phase contributes to building a robust evidence base for VR nature interventions as clinically meaningful tools. The factual and co-design-based VR application responds to the needs of hospitalized (elderly) adults and the healthcare professionals too.

    Methodology

    Co-design

    Inquiry

    Research

    Evidence-based

Timeline

2025-2026

Contextual inquiry, co-design workshops, prototyping, and pilot testing

2026-2027

Feasibility studies and preparation for clinical validation with partner institutions

2027-2028

Multicentric clinical validation studies, analysis, publications, and dissemination

Previous research

Zenctuary VR+ builds on earlier Zenctuary prototype research that began in 2021, including pilot testing and design research exploring whether a calming interactive virtual garden can reduce anxiety and support emotional restoration. 

Learn more about our previous research, publications and reviews

Who we are

Zenctuary VR+ is coordinated by Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design (MOME) in collaboration with an international consortium of clinical, academic, and industry partners. We are a multidisciplinary team of researchers, designers, and clinicians committed to developing evidence-based, inclusive VR interventions that support real clinical needs. 

Ágnes Karolina Bakk Ph.D.

MOME

Ágnes Karolina Bakk, Ph.D. is the Head and Lead Researcher of the Future Care Lab at the Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design in Budapest. With a background in narrative design, her work centers around immersive theatrical formats, storytelling, and the science of magic. 

Her current research explores psychological restoration and life quality enhancement through virtual reality (VR) for elderly adults. For this groundbreaking work, she was recently awarded a Hu-rizon multiyear research grant for a clinical research trial with VR. Beside this she is also conducting research in virtual worlds and how users relate to each other in such environments. Dr. Bakk is the founder of Zip-Scene, and the co-founder of Random Error Studio and the Vektor VR section. She is also a proud member of ARDIN. An internationally recognized speaker and educator, she has shared her expertise around the globe. She is the co-editor of Designing Immersive Environments – Enchanting Spaces, published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2025. 

Beáta Pintérné Sosity

MOME

Design researcher, university lecturer, and disability rights activist. She is a 
doctoral researcher at the MOME Future Care Lab and a co-founder of Atelier 
Disability Design and CTRL+ALT+CRIP Magazine. Her doctoral research 
explores the intersections of disability, design, and social justice, and for many 
years she has led participatory projects working collaboratively with disabled 
people. She works closely with numerous civil society organizations and 
regularly delivers courses and workshops grounded in the practical application 
of the principle "Nothing About Us Without Us."

Pál Tamás Szabó, Ph.D.

MOME

Pál Tamás Szabó, PhD has worked for a decade in the Hungarian healthcare system, providing care for oncology and neurology patients. His specialization includes the management of swallowing disorders and the adaptation and validation of bedside diagnostic tools for clinical use. He obtained his PhD in Health Sciences at Semmelweis University.

Samuel Chovanec

MOME

Samuel Chovanec is a researcher and digital artist working at the intersection of immersive technologies, environmental theory, and design. With a background in stage directing, his work explores human–non-human relations through XR design, game environments, and performative media. He holds a doctoral degree in Digital Arts from the Academy of Fine Arts and Design in Bratislava. Currently, he is a researcher at MOME, where he focuses on the impact of immersive technologies on human well-being. 

Judit Gottfried

MOME

MOME Future Care Lab coordinator overseeing operations, research, project work, and collaborations of the research team. As an economist and art manager, her work shapes creative, design- and tech-driven projects in practical contexts. She has led multiple technology- and design-focused initiatives in business and creative settings. Currently, she coordinates the Future Care Lab, bringing a practical and interdisciplinary perspective to its projects. 

Enikő Petz-Jarmaczki

MOME

Enikő Petz-Jarmaczki supports the implementation of the project as a colleague of the MOME Grant Directorate. She holds a degree in public policy management and economics and has over ten years of experience in managing publicly funded international projects.
Her work covers the entire project lifecycle, including project planning and proposal writing, coordination of project implementation and partners, monitoring progress, reporting, and change management. She also plays a key role in establishing and maintaining transparent and efficient project documentation systems to ensure smooth and compliant project delivery.

Zsófia Kérdy

MOME

Zsófi Kérdy is a junior researcher at Future Care Lab in MOME and Interaction Design MA student with a multi-disciplinary background in sociology, marketing, and graphic design. Her work explores the intersection of social sciences and technology, specifically focusing on how digital tools can improve mental health support. She is currently conducting research titled "Anonymity and digital role-play in online therapy: interaction possibilities and challenges of AR technology and the chances of reducing stigma in Hungarian psychological practice," a project supported by the EKÖP scholarship and the DKK program. In addition to her research, she teaches at the Budai Rajziskola, where she combines her passion for design with a goal-oriented approach to education. 

Brigitta Tóth

MOME

Brigitta Tóth is a visual artist and trained art therapist with degrees in Art Therapy from the University of Pécs and in Economics from Corvinus University of Budapest. Her work focuses primarily on photography, especially dance photography, and explores how creative processes can be integrated into structured therapeutic practice to support self-reflection and emotional regulation. 

Máté Szondy

Dr. Máté Szondy is a clinical psychologist and university lecturer specializing in mental health, stress regulation, and psychological well-being. His research and professional work focus on resilience, emotion regulation, and the mechanisms of therapeutic change. He is the author of numerous scientific and public-facing publications and is committed to making evidence-based psychological knowledge more accessible. In the Zenctuary VR+ project, he contributes expert guidance to ensure the intervention is psychologically grounded, ethically responsible, and clinically relevant. 

Botond Tobai

Coda and Soda

Botond Tobai is a media artist and filmmaker, a graduate of the Animation program at Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design, and currently a doctoral student at MOME’s Doctoral School. He is a member of the team at Code and Soda, contributing to the development of innovative media and creative technology projects. 

Kolos Bolla

Code and Soda

Kolos Bolla holds an MA degree in Media Design from Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design (MOME) and previously earned a degree from the Department of Film Studies at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE). 
His professional focus is primarily on game development and 3D visualisation. His work is characterised by a broad interest in both artistic and technological practices, with ongoing experimentation across different media, including music and visual arts. 

Bence Pápai

Code and Soda

Bence Pápai is a technical artist with over 15 years of experience in video game and visual software development. He primarily programs in C++ and C#, and his specializations include real-time rendering, shader development, custom framework creation, procedural environment generation, gameplay mechanics implementation, physics simulations, and web-based communication systems. His experience spans multiple platforms—mobile, PC, web, VR, and AR—and he has contributed to several released video games. 
For the past six years, he has been teaching Game Design at Budapest Metropolitan University, where he shares hands-on industry experience to prepare the next generation for the challenges of game development. In his free time, Bence writes and paints, experiments with generative AI, and explores vibe coding—activities that fuel his creativity and help him bring fresh perspectives and innovative solutions to his technical work. 

András Szabó

Code and Soda

A computer scientist and entrepreneur, managing director of code and soda ltd, a Budapest-based software development house, and co-founder of random error studio, a Budapest-based immersive production studio. Co-curator of Vektor VR, a Hungarian VR event in cooperation with Verzio Human Rights Film Festival, Budapest. Since 2016 he has worked on various immersive projects as a producer, consultant, project manager, and creative technologist. 

Beáta Réka Vásárhelyi

Semmelweis Center for Geriatric Care and Nursing Science

Beáta Réka Vásárhelyi is an economist and clinical psychologist. She has several years of experience as a psychologist at the Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Unit of the Rehabilitation Clinic at Semmelweis University. Her professional interests focus on the psychological support of long-term rehabilitation and adaptation to severe physical condition changes, as well as experience-based and digital interventions supporting reintegration. Working within multidisciplinary clinical and rehabilitation contexts, she applies clinical and health psychology perspectives, integrative and altered states of consciousness–based approaches, and participates in research on the clinical adaptation and psychological effects of innovative technological tools. 

Patrícia Lajkó

Semmelweis Center for Geriatric Care and Nursing Science

Patrícia Lajkó is a psychologist and doctoral researcher working at the intersection of clinical psychology, gerontology, and immersive technologies. She is affiliated with the Geriatrics Clinic and Nursing Science Center at Semmelweis University, where she is involved in clinical care and research with hospitalized older adults. She is currently a PhD candidate at the Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences at Semmelweis University. Her research focuses on the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of virtual reality in geriatric and chronic care, with particular emphasis on cognitive functioning, emotional well-being, stress regulation, and quality of life. She is especially interested in comparing immersive VR-based interventions with guided imagery and other mind–body approaches in hospital settings. Her work combines psychological assessment with neurocognitive and physiological measures to better understand the effects of immersive interventions on patient well-being. 

Dr. Michael Reber

Strasbourg University Hospital & INSERM

Dr. Michael Reber (PhD) is a senior scientist at INSERM UMR-S1329 in Strasbourg, France. He graduated from University Paris Cité (Paris) and performed his postdoc at the Salk Institute (San Diego, CA). He is a neurobiologist focusing of the neuronal substrate and underlying mechanisms of visual detection using computational and experimental neuroscience. Recent translational work involves the use of virtual reality in normal and low-vision individuals to explore adaptation mechanisms and develop rehabilitation strategies. 

Elaine Gravel

Strasbourg University Hospital & INSERM

Elaine Gravel (MSc) is a Clinical Research Coordinator at Inserm UMR-S 1329 in Strasbourg, France. She graduated from the University of Strasbourg with a Master's degree in Cognitive Neuroscience. She has experience working as a clinical research associate and coordinator in several hospital units, as well as for pharmaceutical companies. 

Dr. Lora Appel

University of York

Dr. Lora Appel is an Associate Professor of Health Informatics at the Faculty of Health at York University, Toronto, Canada. She is Adjunct Researcher at Michael Garron Hospital and an Affiliate Scientist at University Health Network, the largest medical research organization in Canada. Dr. Appel heads the Prescribing Virtual Reality (VRx) lab which designs and conducts studies that introduce and evaluate XR interventions for patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers in different settings, ranging from acute-care hospitals, long-term care homes, to community centres and private residences. Lora is passionate about creating technological interventions that are preventative, holistic, and tailored to the individual, with a special focus on aging. 

Samantha Lewis-Fung

University of York

Samantha Lewis-Fung is a Research Coordinator at OpenLab’s Prescribing VRx Lab and the NORC Innovation Centre in Toronto, supporting projects designed to transform the way healthcare is delivered and experienced. She holds a Master’s degree in Speech-Language Pathology and brings clinical experience spanning the lifespan to designing and evaluating complex behavioural interventions, including virtual reality–based therapies. Samantha is interested in advancing research methodologies that better incorporate end users’ experiences support care that is effective, practical, and meaningful. 

Department

Project Lead

Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design (MOME) 
 

Department

Innovation Center – Immersion & Interaction Hub 
 

Project Lead

Dr. Ágnes Karolina Bakk 

  • Semmelweis University Center for Geriatric Care and Nursing Science (HU) 
  • Semmelweis University Rehabilitation Clinic (HU)
  • University of Szeged Neurosurgery Clinic (HU)
  • MAZSIHISZ Charity Hospital, Budapest (HU) 
  • Strasbourg University Hospital & INSERM (FR) 
  • University of York (UK) 

Code and Soda Ltd and Random Error Studio – Software development, visual design & VR engineering 

Project manager

Contact

Project manager

Enikő Petz-Jarmaczki 
 

Contact

News

On 9 December, we hosted a professional meetup at MOME titled “VR and interactive digital tools in healthcare and psychological practice.” The event brought together researchers and practitioners to exchange insights on the use of VR in clinical and therapeutic contexts, discuss implementation challenges, and map future directions and opportunities in the field. 

To inform the development of Zenctuary, a nature-based virtual reality experience designed to support mental well-being in hospital contexts, we conducted a multi-stakeholder co-design workshop series. The process brought together two key end-user groups whose perspectives are essential for meaningful adoption: older adults living with chronic illness in inpatient care, and healthcare professionals who may integrate VR into therapeutic practice. 

Project No. 2024-1.2.3-HU-RIZONT-2024-00103 is implemented with the support of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of the Ministry of Culture and Innovation, financed under the 2024-1.2.3-HU-RIZONT call for proposals. Amount of grant: 398,573,075 HUF